For most of the past decade, the nominal value of the rupee has been allowed to decline gently against the dollar, by about 5% a year, thus staying fairly steady in real terms. This year, however, it has been appreciating in real terms (and, since June, nominally as well). It would have done so more sharply had the central bank not been buying dollars with gusto. Exporters of manufactured goods, obsessed with price competition from China, are aghast at the rise--and at the prospect held out by some forecasters that a sustained boom in India's IT exports means it will continue.

　　The rupee's recent strength is only partly related to India's prowess in software and the mushrooming of "business-process outsourcing" in such projects as call-centres. The chunky surplus on invisibles owes more to remittances: non-resident Indians, attracted by the stability of the rupee and its higher interest rates, have been moving their offshore deposits back home. Similarly, Indian companies are borrowing more in dollars without selling rupees forward to hedge repayments. The trade deficit, meanwhile, has been shrinking, as imports grow slowly.

　　The inflows have boosted foreign-exchange reserves by some $20 billion this year, to $66 billion, or 12 months'-worth of imports. The size of this cushion has triggered some calls for further liberalisation of the labyrinthine foreign-exchange controls that India still maintains, despite the move in 1993 towards rupee convertibility for trade purposes. In recent months, some controls have duly been eased. It is now simpler, for example, for individuals to open foreign-currency bank accounts, and for travellers to get hold of foreign exchange. And non-resident Indians have been allowed to take out money acquired through inheritance, or from rents and dividends.

　　Some commentators have taken all this as a harbinger of full capital-account convertibility. That is not on the cards. The experience of 1991, when India ran out of money, has left the central bank prone to caution--an approach it felt was vindicated by the East Asian crisis of 1997-98. With war in Iraq looming and a turbulent oil market, some risk aversion is understandable. India's fiscal deficit--some 10% of GDP and widening--is another reason for moving slowly. Just as one rating agency, Moody's, is considering upgrading India's external debt, another, Fitch, has warned that its local-currency rating is under threat. Nor is it certain that opening the capital account would mean a weaker rupee. It might even attract more capital inflows. As India's exporters are learning, convertibility is a two-way street.

1.The expression "silver lining" (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means______.

A. a side effect
B. a favorable aspect
C. a decorative line
D. a comforting prospect

2.According to the text, the appreciation of the rupee in real terms__________.

A. will lower its nominal value
B. is bad news to exporters of manufactured goods
C. means a sharper decline of its nominal value against the dollar
D. will give impetus to the development of India's IT industry

3.The current account surplus owes to the following EXCEPT_________.

A. the strength of the rupee
B. the remittances of non-resident Indians
C. the hedging activity of Indian companies
D. the growing imports

4.Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. India's foreign exchange reserves increased more than three times this year.
B. Individuals are now allowed to trade foreign currency freely.
C. India now can tackle adverse events in the foreign exchange market better
D. India's foreign exchange controls are seen as a hamper to its economic development.

5.Which of the follow is NOT a reason for India's slow response to calls for liberalization of its foreign exchange?

A. Its increasing foreign reserve.
B. Its past experience.
C. Uncertainty of the oil market.
D. Its growing fiscal deficit.

词汇注释
silver lining 一线希望
buoyant adj. 趋于上升的（价格）
rupee n. 卢比（印度、巴基斯坦等国的货币）
liberalization n. 自由化; 放宽限制
nominal adj. 属于、关于或是一笔钱或者股票证券的票面价值量的
appreciate v. 增值, 涨价
gusto n. 兴致勃勃；热情
aghast adj. 惊骇的, 吓呆的
prowess n. 卓越的技能；杰出的才能；本领
mushrooming n. 迅速增长, 激烈增殖
outsourcing n. [商]外部采办,外购
chunky adj. 结实的；厚实的
remittance n. 汇款, 汇寄之款, 汇款额
offshore adj. 海外的，国外的
hedge n. 保值措施，套期保值
cushion n. 缓冲减轻或缓和不利后果的东西
labyrinthine adj. 迷宫(似)的, 曲折的
convertibility n. 可兑换性
dividend n. 股息, 红利
harbinger n. 先驱, 预兆
prone adj. 倾向于
vindicate v. 证明...正当
loom v. 隐现, 迫近
turbulent adj. 动荡的；难控制的
aversion n. 指转向或转移的行为

难句突破
1. The size of this cushion has triggered some calls for further liberalisation of the labyrinthine foreign-exchange controls that India still maintains, despite the move in 1993 towards rupee convertibility for trade purposes.
主体句式：The size of this cushion has triggered some calls...
结构分析：这一句虽然也包含一个定语从句，但结构并不算太复杂，容易造成理解困难的是cushion, labyrinthine这两个词。Cushion原意是"垫子"，这里引申为"缓冲不利后果的东西；保障"，labyrinthine的意思是"复杂的；迷宫般的"。
句子译文：尽管在1993年印度已允许进行以贸易为目的的卢比兑换，但印度目前的外汇控制如迷宫般复杂。现在有了这样的巨额储备作保障，一些人开始呼吁印度政府进一步放开现有外汇控制。

2. The experience of 1991, when India ran out of money, has left the central bank prone to caution--an approach it felt was vindicated by the East Asian crisis of 1997-98.
主体句式：The experience...has left the central bank prone to caution.
结构分析：这个句子是个复杂句，句中有一个以when引导的，修饰1991的定语从句和一个省略了that的，修饰approach的定语从句。
句子译文：1991年印度用完外汇储备的经历使中央银行倾向于谨慎方式-1997-98年的东亚危机证实了这种方式的正确性。